Coyotes are found in diverse habitats, from grasslands to forests. They are highly adaptable animals and live in close association with people in rural, suburban, and even urban environments.

Coyotes are generally active throughout the day with peak activity at dawn and dusk. They may also be active at night, especially in urban areas where they feel safer after dark.

Coyotes are omnivores, eating whatever is available, including small mammals and birds, carrion, fruit, and improperly stored garbage.

Unlike wolves, which form highly structured packs, coyotes associate with each other in loose groups which vary with habitat conditions and food supplies. They also tend to be less territorial than wolves.

Coyotes use a broad range of vocalizations to communicate with each other. The sound of their yips and howls carries for long distances, often giving the impression that the animals are at closer range and more numerous than is actually the case.

Coyotes breed in late winter, with mated pairs producing an average of six young, which are fully weaned within six weeks. Most of the young disperse in the fall and winter, leaving their parents' territory to establish their own.

Within the last century, coyote populations have increased, both in number and range, despite the fact that they have been trapped and poisoned by the thousands. Wildlife biologists have observed that when their numbers are threatened, coyotes react by having larger litters. This unique reproductive strategy is a safeguard against extermination. In fact, the animal known in Native American lore as the "trickster" prospers when faced with adversity.

Coyotes have adjusted well to living in close proximity to humans, even in large cities. Long vilified by ranchers and farmers for taking livestock, coyotes are often blamed for damage done by packs of domestic dogs. Coyotes tend to be more solitary than wolves. They are generally shy animals, and would prefer to avoid confrontations with people.

Coyotes are opportunistic, however, and are drawn to places where they can find "easy pickings." To coyote-proof your environment, take the following measures:

1. If you keep livestock or small animals, confine them in secure pens, especially from dusk to dawn when coyotes are most active. During birthing season, keep young and vulnerable animals safely confined at all times. Discontinue use of remote pastures or holding areas. Guard dogs, especially those bred to defend livestock, offer protection. When used correctly, electric fences also deter predation. Consult your local zoning office and neighborhood covenants to determine if electric fences are permitted in your area, and, if so, their allowable characteristics. Solid wood fences 6 ft. in height keep coyotes out of enclosed property. If coyotes seek cover on unfenced land, remove brush piles, low-growing vegetation, and any other possible shelter sites.

2. Coyotes are attracted to food scraps in garbage. Dispose of trash in a metal can, and make sure the lid fits tightly. Secure it further with a bungee cord or chain.

3. Coyotes infrequently prey on domestic animals such as cats and small dogs. However, they may be drawn into areas where there are free-roaming pets. To prevent potential conflicts, keep companion animals indoors, especially from dusk to dawn. It is best not to feed cats and dogs outdoors, but, if you have no other alternative, pick up food and water bowls, as well as leftovers and spilled food as soon as your pets have finished eating. Do not leave bowls or food scraps outside at night.

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